Marka la eego abla-ableynta cudurada, caabuqa Duumadu waa mid aad ugu badan dunida, gaar ahaan wadamada kulaylaha ah. Qaarada Africa ayuu caabuqa Duumadu aad ugu sii badan yahay. Sanad kasta, ilaa sadex boqol oo milyan oo qof oo dunida ku nool ayaa Duumadu ku dhacdaa, qiyaastii ilaa nus-milyan qof ayaana sanad kasta u dhinta Duumada. Caabuqa Duumadu wuxuu safka hore kaga jiraa caabuqyada dadka iyo dalalka u horseeda dhibaatooyin bandan oo ay ka mid yihiin horumar la’aan iyo daqaale xumo.

Calaamadaha inta badan lagu garto caabuqa Duumadu waa:

• Xumad aad u daran
• Qandho aad u daran

Calaamadaha kale ee Duumadu leedahay waxaa ka mid ah:

• Madax xanuun
• Lalabo iyo matag
• Shuban
• Bog-xanuun
• Murqaha iyo kalagoysyada oo xanuun yeesha
• Daal
• Neef tuur
• Wandaha oo garaaciisu bato
• Qufac
• Xanuun jidhka oo dhan ah

Marka kaneecadu qaniinto qofka oo u gudbiso baarasaytka, waxay ku qaadataa in calaamaduhu soo if-baxaan 7 ilaa 30 maalmood. Cilmi-baadhistu waxay sheegayaan mudada ay ku soo if-baxaan calaamadahu ay kooban tahay marka baarasaytka Plasmodium falciparum uu keeno Duumada, marka loo eego baarasaytyada kale ee sadexda ah.

Dadku si toos ah uma kala qaadaan caabuqa Duumada. Baarasaytka keena Duumada waxaa dadka u kala gudbiya kaneecada dhedig ee la yidhaahdo Anopheles. Kaneecadu waxa ay qaniintaa qof uu hayo caabuqa Duumadu oo ay ka soo nuugtaa dhiig uu la socdo baarasaytku. Dabadeedna kaneecadu waxa ay qaniintaa qof kale oo ay baarasaytka ku siii deysaa habdhiska wareega dhiigga. Baarasaytku wuxuu u gudbaa beerka qofka oo uu ku tarmaa kuna qaataa qaybo ka mid ah wareegiisa nololeed. Dabadeedna, beerka ayuu ka soo baxaa oo u gudbaa wareega dhiigga halkaas oo baarasaytku galo ugugyada cas-cas ee dhiigga. Baarasaytku wuxuu ku tarmaa ugugyada cas-cas ee dhiigga oo dabadeedna uu burburiyaa unugyadaas cas-cas. Kaneecadu waxay baarasaytka ka qaadaa bukaanka marka wareega nololeed ee baarasaytku uu marayo Gametocyte oo ah marka uu ku jiro dhiigga. Waxaa kale oo xusud mudan in baarasaytku uu qaybo ka mid ah wareegiisa nololeed ku qaato kaneecada uurkeeda. Marka wareega nololeed ee baarasayka ku jira uurka kaneecadu uu marayo Sporozaites ayuu u soo gudbaa kaneecada afkeeda dheer ee ay wax ku qaniinto. Waana xiligaas marka ay kaneecadu baarasaytka u gudbiso dadka.

Waxaa jira laba hab oo kale oo baarasaytku uu mar-marka qaar ugu kala gudbo dadka:

• Habka diig ku shubidda (Transfusion): Haddii dhiig laga qaaday qof qaba Duumo oo baarasaytku ku jiro lagu shubo qof kale. Baarasayku sidaas ayuu ugu gudbi karaa qofka, islamarkaana uu ku qaadi karaa caabuqa Duumada
• Habka xiliga uurka iyo dhalmada (congenital): Haddii gabadha uurka lihi ay qabto Duumo, waxaa suurto gal ah in ay baarasaytka u gudbiso ilamaha ku jira uurkeeda kahor inta aanay umulin amd xiliga ay umulayso.

Marka bukaanka lagu daryeelayo cusbitaal, shaqaalaha caafimaadku waa inay u hogaansanaadaan taxadarada guud (standard precautions): waa inay si joogto ah gacmaha isaga dhaqaan, gaar ahaan ka hor inta aanay taaban qoka jiran am agagaarkiisa, iyo ka bacdi marka ay taabtaan qofka jiran ama agagaarkiisa

Sida ugu wanaagsan ee looga hortegi karo in Duumadu ku dhacdo dadka waxa weeye in la iska ilaaliyo qaniinyada kaneecada. Siyaabaha ugu wanaagsan ee la isaga ilaaliyo qaniinyada kaneecadu waa

• Marka la seexanayo habeenkii oo la xidho maro-kaneeco ay ku dheehan tahay maadada aanay kaneecadu u soo dhowaan (mosquito reppeling net). Maadada lagu taliyey waa N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)
• Dhar qarinaya gacmaha iyo lugaha oo la xirto
• Jidhka qaybihiisa aan daboolnayn oo la mariyo maadada aanay kaneecadu u soo dhowaan
• Guriga oo habeenkii lagu buufiyo maadooyinka (tudaale ahaan Pyrethrin) aanay kaneecada iyo xasharaadku u soo dhowaaan
• Meelaha godan ee biyo fadhiisinka ah ee kaneecadu ku tarmi karto oo laga buufiyo kaneecada

Dhinaca talaalka Duumada, laga bilaabo bisha October ee sanadka 2021, Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunku wuxuu ku talinayaa in caruurta la siiyo talaalka duumada ee la yidhaahdo RST, S/AS01. Talaalkani waa talaalkii ugu horeeyey ee Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunku uu u saxeexay in la siiyo caruurta.

• Baadhitaanka calaamadaha iyo xanuunka caabuqa Duumada (Clinical Diagnosis): Calaamaduhu gaar uma aha caabuqa Duumada oo caabuqyada kale ee Hargabku ka mid yihiin way leeyihiin calaamado u eg kuwa duumada. Haseyeeshee, wadamada iyo dhulalka ay Duumadu ku badan tahay, calaamadahu waxay ka mid yihiin siyaabaha loo baadho caabuqa Duumada. Sidaas oo kale, wadamada hore u maray ee aan Duumadu ka jirin ama ku badnayn, haddii qof u safray dhulalka ay Duumadu ku badan tahay uu ku soo noqdo wadamadaas aan Duumadu ku badnayn oo dabadeedna ay ka soo ifbaxaan calaalamadaha Duumadu, safarkaas iyo calaamadahaas waxaa la siiyaa tixgelin marka la baadhayo caabuqa Duumada.
• Baadhitaanka weyneysada: Dhibic dhiig ah oo laga soo qaaday bukaanka ayaa lagu malaasaa ama masaxaa dhalo yar oo salaxan oo afar gees ah (smear). Dhiigaas dhalada lagu malaasay ayaa lagu midabeeyaa habka Giemsa Stain oo dabadeedna lagu eegaa weyneysada si loo baadho in baarasaytku ku jiro dhiigga.
• Baadhitaanada deg-dega ah (Rapid Diagnostic Tests): Baadhitaanadani waa kuwo cusub oo dhowaan lagu daray siyaabaha loo baadho caabuqa Duumada. Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunkuna wuxuu dhowaan qiimeeyey tayada baadhitaanadan oo bedel u noqon kara wadamada iyo sheybaarada aan heystan weyneysada tayada leh. Baadhitaanada noocan ahi waxay dhiiga ka baadhaan jirka (antigen) baarasaytka.
• Baadhitaanka hidesideyaasha (DNA) baarasaytka: Baadhitaankan waxaa la isticimaalaa habka PCR-ka oo la baadhaa in hidesideyaasha baarasaytku ku jiraan dhiigaa. Isticimaalka habkani ma badna sababtoo ah shaybaaro badani ma haystaan qalabka PCR-ka.

Caabuqa Duumadu waa mid aad u khatar badan oo si deg-deg ah u dili kara qofka aan si deg-deg ah loo daweyn. Sida loo daweeyo caabuqa Duumadau waxay ku xidhan tahay nooca baarasaytka ee keenay Duumada haysa qofka, deegaanka and dalka uu qofku ka qaaday caabuqa, in gabadhu uur leedahay, iyo guud ahaan in caabuqa duumadu yahay mid leh calaamado xanuun badan iyo in kale. Waxa muhiim in la ogaado in dawada caanka ah ee la yidhaahdo Chloroquine aanay daaweeyn Duumaada haddii baarasaytka Plasmodium falciparum ee Duumada keenay uu yahay mid aan u nugleyn dawada Chloroquine. Macluumaad dheeraad ah oo la xidhidha sida loo dooranayo dawada ku haboon in lagu daweeyo caabuqa waxaad booqan kartaa mareegta CDC.

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