Airborne precautions: Taxadarada Hawo-ku-faafka

Airborne transmission: Dariiqada hawo-ku-faafka

Alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR): Milan gacmo-nadiifiye ah oo ka samaysan maadada alkahoolsha.

Ambulatory care settings (ACS): Xarunta daryeelka bukaan-socodka. 

Antibiotic: Nooc ka mid ah Lidka Jeermiska oo disha ama yaraysa taranka jeermiska, gaar ahaan bakteeriayada.

Antibody: Lid-jir, borotiin uu jidhku  sameeyo si uu uga hortago walaxha qalaad, sida caabuqkeene, ee jidhka soo gala. Lid-jirku waa qayb ka mid ah habdhiska difaaca jidhka. 

Antigen: Jir. Walax qalaad oo ku cusub jidhka, siiba mid ka samaysan borotiin ama kaarbohaydarayt (sida duubka sare ee caabuq-keene) oo jidhka ku keliifta samaynta iyo soo daynta lid-jirka.

Antimicrobial agents: Waa magac guud oo ay wadaagaan dawooyinka iyo kiimidada disha ama yaraysa taranka noolaha ili-ma-qabatayga ah. Dawooyinka iyo kiimikada hoos yimaada magacan guud waxaa ka mid ah lidka bakteeriyada (antibakterial), lidka fayraska (antiviral agents) iyo lidka fangaska (antifungual agents)

Antimicrobial Resistance:  Iska caabinta ama aan u nugleyn lidka jeermiska. Waa astaan ay yeeshaan caabuq-keeneyaasha iska caabin kara dawooyinka iyo kiimikada sida caadiyan ah loogu daweeyo noolahaas ili-maqabatayga ah. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, dawooyinka iyo kiimikadaasi ma dili karaan ama ma joojin karaan koriinka noolaha ili-maqabatayga ah ee la soo baxay astaanta iska caabinta lidka jeermiska. Aqoonyahanka Soomaaliyeed qaarkood waxay isticimaalaan qeexda ah “Jeermiska aan nugleyn”. 

Antiseptic: Milanka lid-jeermiska. Waa milan lagu dhaqo maqaarka jidhka iyo nudaha kale ee jidhka si loo burburiyo ama loo baabi’iyo jeermiska ku sugan maqaarka ama nudaha dushooda.  

Asepsis: Jeermis bi’in. Kahortagga in jeermis ku dhaco oo diqeeyo nudaha jidhka ee ka madhan jeerimiska (sterile tissue) iyo qalabka daryeelka bukaanka ee ka madhan jeermiska (sterile equipment). Kahortegidaas la gaadho iyadoo la isticimaalayo habka nadiifinta baabi’isa jeermiska dhamaantii (sterilization) .

Bacteria: Bakteeriya. Waa noole hal-unugle ah oo inagu dhex nool ama ku nool bii’adda inagu hareeraysan. Bakteeriyada qaarkood faa’iido ayay inoo leeyihiin. Laakiin, noocyo bakteeriyada ka mid ahi waxay sababaan cuduro badan oo faafa.

Barrier precautions: Isticimaalka xeelad ama qalab kasta oo yarayn kara in dheecaan wata caabuq-keene uu soo gaadho qofka isticimaalaya habkaas ama gashan qalabka difaaca qofka (Personal Protective Equipment) sida maask, diraca soocidda (isolation gown) iyo gacmo gashi (gloves).

Bloodborne Pathogens Standard (BBP): Xeerka kahortagga caabuqyada dhiig-ku-faafka. Waa xeer ay samaysay islamarkaana ku dhaqankiisa ay hirgeliso hay’ada Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Xeerku wuxuu amrayaa shaqaaleeyaha (sida cusbitaalada, shirkadaha, iwm.) in uu ka ilaaliyo in shaqaalihiisa ay soo gaadhaan dhiig iyo dheecaan uu ku labnaan karo caabuq-keene. 

Bloodborne pathogens: Caabuq-keeneyaasha dhiig- ku-faafka ah. Walow magacu uu yahay “bloodborne = dhiig-kujire), hadana caabuq-keeneyaashani waxay ku faafi karaan dhamaan dheecaanada jidhka sida saxarada, kaadida, calyada, shahwada, dheecaanada ku jira kala-goysyada lafaha, dheecaanka laf-dhabarta ee “Cerebrospinal Fluid), iyo dheecaano kale. 

Bloodstream infection: Caabuqa dhiiga.  Caabuqa dhiigu wuxuu qofka ku dhacaa marka caabuq-keene bakteeriya ama fangas ahi uu galo habdhiska wareega dhiiga. Marka qaliin lagu samaynayo qofka ama irbadi mudo ayaa ka mid ah dariiqooyinka caabuq-keenuhu ku geli karo habdhiska wareega dhiiga ee qofka.

Carrier: Sidaha caabuq-keenaha. Qof caabuq-keenuhu dul-degey oo ku nool yahay meel ama meelo ka mid ah jidhkiisa, laakiin aanay ka muuqan calaamadaha caabuqu. 

Catheter: Tuumbo. Tuumbada oo ah mid jilicsan waa mid la geliyo meelaha daloola ee jidhka sida kaadi mareenka, futada, afka iyo sanka amaba meel qaliin lagu dalooliyey. Tuumbada waxaa loo isticimaalaa in dheecaan laga soo qaado ama milan lagu shubo xubnaha jidhka ee tuumbada afkeeda la gaadhsiiyey. Tusaale ahaan, tuumbada macmalka aha ee kaadi-saarka (urinary catheter).

CAUTI (catheter-associated urinary tract infection): Caabuqa kaadi-mareenka ee la xidhiidha tuumbada macmalka ah ee kaadi-saarka. 

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): Hay’ada hakinta iyo kahortagga cudurada ee Maraykanka.

Central line: Tuumbada dhexe. Waa tuumbo dhuuban oo jilicsan oo la geliyo xididada waaweyn ee dhiiga geeya wadnaha, dabadeedna la gaadhsiiyo afkeeda meel u dhow wadnaha. Tuumbadan waxaa loo isticimaalaa in bukaanka lagu siiyo milan nafaqo leh ama dawooyin. 

CLABSI (Central line-associated bloodstream infection): Caabuqa dhiiga ee la xidhiidha tuumbada dhexe.

Chlorhexidine soap: Saabuunta Koloorheksidin. Waa saabuun ama milan lid-jeermis ah oo lagu maydho ama la mariyo maqaarka jidhka oo si kaalmaati loo isticimaalo in lagaga hortago caabuqyada.  

Cleaning: Nadiifin. Waa marka wasakh muuqata (wasakh ah orgaanik ama inorgaanik) laga baabi’iyo walax korkeed iyada oo la isticimaalayo awood xoqid ah ama milan iyo biyo ama awood tamareed. Nadiifinta noocan ah ma baabi’iso noolaha ili-maqabatayga ah ee dul saaran ama ku dhex sugan walaxda. 

Clostridioides difficile: Waa bakteeriyo ah anaerobic, ah gram-positive, isu bedeli karta shiiq, oo keenta shuban iyo caabuq ku dhaca mindhicirka weyn. Clostridioides difficile waxay inta badan caabuqa keentaa marka dawooyinka lid-jeermiska antaybayootikadu ay baabi’iyaan bakteeriyada kale ee ku nool mindhicirada. 

Clostridium difficile-associated Disease: Cudur ku dhaca mindhicirka weyn oo uu sababo dheecaan sun ah oo ay soo daayaan noocyo ka mid ah bakteeriyada Clostridioides difficile.

CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services): Waa hay’ada dowlada federaalka Maraykanka u qaabilsan in ay caymis caafimaad siiso dadka waaweyn iyo dadka danyarta ah.

Cohorting: Isu-ururinta bukaanjiifka. Waa marka qol ama waadh lagu ururiyo bukaan-jiifyo qaba cudur faafa oo isku mid ah, ama bukaan-jiifyo sida caabuq-keene isku mid ah. Isu-ururintu waa xeelad ka mid ah xeeladaha  lagu xakameeyo in cudurku sii faafo.

Colonization: Dul-degid. Waa marka caabuq-keene dul-dego jidhka dushiisa ama gudihiisa isaga oo aan qofka u keenayn caabuq ama dhaawac, islmakaana  aanu kicinayn habdhiska difaaca jidhka. 

Communicable disease: Cudurada faafa. Waa cudur uu keeno oo uu gudbiyo caabuq-keene. Caabuq-keenuhu wuxuu noolaha ugu kala gudbaa dariiqooyin dhowr ah.

Community-acquired infections: Caabuqyada laga qaado bulshada. Waa caabuqyada dadka ku dhaca kahor inta aanay iman ama la jiifin cusbitaal ama xarun caafimaad. Waxaa dhici karta in qofku qaado caabuq-keenha inta uu bulshada ku dhex jiro, laakiin uu yimaado ama la jiifiyo cusbitaal ama xarun cafimaad kahor inta aan calaamadaha caabuqu weli qokfa ka soo ifbixin. Waa muhiim in la ogaado oo la tirokoobo caabuqyada laga qaado bulshada si aan loogu khaldin caabuqyada laga qaado cusbitaal. 

Contact precautions: Taxadarada Taabasho-fu-faafka. Waa taxadaro lagaga hortago caabuqyada taabasho-ku-faafka ah marka bukaan-jiifka ama bukaan-socodka lagu daryeelayo cusbitaalka ama xarun caafimaad. Taxadaradani waxay ka mid yihiin taxadarada soocidda ee ku salaysan faafida cudurada. 

Contamination: Wasakhoow. Waa marka caabuq-keene wasakheeyo dusha ama gudaha qof, walax, ama qalab. Kuwaas oo caabuq-keenaha u sii gudbin kara qof kale. Wasakhoowga noocan ahi waxay cusbitaalada iyo xarumaha caafimaad ka dhacdaa, tusaale ahaan, marka shaqaale caafimaad uu gacmo-gashi aan nadiif ahayn ku taabto qof ama qalab nadiif ah. Tusaale kale, marka shaqaale caafimaad uu gacmihiisa ku taabto qof qaba cudur faafa. Taabashadaasi waxay gacmaha ka dhigaysaa kuwo ku wasakhoobey caabuq-keene. Haddii shaqaalahaas caafimaad oo aan gacmihiisa nadiifini uu taabto walax ama qalab, walaxdaas ama qalabkaasi iyaguna waxay ku wasakhoobayaan caabuq-keenahaas. 

Decolonization therapy: Baabi’inta dul-degida. Waa baabi’inta ama suulinta caabuq-keenaha dul-degey qofka (eeg colonizaion) iyada oo la isticimaalayo dawooyinka lid-jeermiska ee antaybayootikiska. 

Decontamination: Baabi’inta washaqowga. Waa hab lagu baa’biyo oo lagu suuliyo jeermiska wasakheeyey walax ama qalab si looga hortago in walaxda ama qalabku faafiyaan caabuq-keenaha. 

Denominator: Hooseeye. Waa wadarta dadka ee ay suurtogal tahay in ay ku dhacdo arini, sida cudur, dhibaato, ama dhimasho. Xisaabta ja-jabta hooseeyuhu waa lambarka hoose. Lambarka sare ee xisaabta ja-jabta waxaa la yidhaahda numerator (sarreeye). Sareeyuhu waa wadarta dadka ay ku dhacday arintu. Ja-jabta noocan ah waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa heerka (rate) antintu ugu dhacayso dadka ama bulshada. 

Direct contact transmission: Taabasho-ku-faafka tooska ah. Waa marka caabuq-keenuhu si toos ah ugu kala gudbo qofka caabuqa qaba ama sidaha caabuq-keenaha iyo qof u kale oo u nugul caabuqa. Taabasho-ku-faafka tooska ahi waa mid ka mid ah labada dariiqo ee ay ka kooban tahay  dariiqada taabasho-ku-faafku. 

Disinfectant: Jeermis burburiye. Waa milan kiimikaad oo loo isticimaalo in lagu dilo ama lagu burburiyo noolaha ili-maqabatayga ah ee dul saaran ama ku dul nool walax ama qalab. Waa suurtogal in Jeermis burburiyaha kiimikaad aanu awood u lahayn in uu burburiyo dhamaam noolaha ili-maqabatayga ah, gaar ahaan shiiqa bakteeriyada (bacterial spores).  

Disinfection: Burburinta jeermiska. Waa hab lagu burburiyo noolaha ili-maqabatayga ah iyadoo la isticimaalayo Jeerimis burburiye.

Droplet precautions: Taxadarada Dhibic-ku-faafka. Waa taxadaro lagaga hortago caabuqyada dhibic-ku-faafka ah marka bukaan-jiifka ama bukaan-socodka lagu daryeelayo cusbitaalka ama xarun caafimaad. Taxadaradani waxay ka mid yihiin taxadarada soocidda ee ku salaysan faafida cudurada.

Droplets: Dhibco. Dhibco yar yar, qoyan, oo  ka soo baxa habdhiska neefsashada marka bukaanku uu qufaco, hindhiso, kor u hadlo, ama qayliyo. Dhibcahaas oo xambaarsan caabuq-keene. Eeg dariiqada dhibic-ku-faafka iyo taxadarada dhibic-ku-faafka.

Drug resistance: Eeg antibiotic resistance

Endotoxin: Dheecaan sun ah. Dheecaankaas oo ay soo daayaan noocyo ka mid ah bakteeriayada, sida dheecaanka sunta ah ee ay soo deyso bakteeriyada Clostridioides difficile oo sababa caabuqa mindhicirka weyn iyo shuban.

Epidemiologically important pathogens: Caabuq-keeneyaal muhiim u ah cilmiga abla-ableynta cudurada.  Caabuq-keeneyaashani waxay leeyihiin ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah sifooyinka soo socda: 1) In ay dabeecadahooda, hidesideyaashooda, iyo xeeladahooda ay si fudud ugu gudbin karaan caabuq-keeneyaal kale; 2) Waxay sababaan caabuqyo saf ah; 3) Waxay sababaan caabuqyo bukaanka u keena dhibaatooyin daran; ama 4) in ay adag tahay il la daweeyo caabuqyada ay keenaan.   

Epidemiology: Cilmiga barashada iyo abla-ableynta heerka iyo sida uu cudur ugu dhaco dadka ama bulshada. 

ESBL (Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase): Waa dheecaan ay soo daayaan qaar ka mid ah bakteeriyadu, gaar ahaan kuwa loo yaqaan “gram negative rods”. Dheecaanku wuxuu bakteeriyada soo deysa awood u siiyaa in aanay u nuglaan oo iska caabiyaan noocyo ka mid ah dawooyinka lidka-jeermiska ee antaybayootikiska. Bakteeriyada soo deysa ESBL waxay ka mid yihiin caabuq-keeneyaasha muhiimka u ah cilmiga abla-ableynta cudurada. Waxaa kale oo ay ka mid yihiin caabuq-keeneyaasha aan u nugleyn dawooyinka lidka-jeermiska ee loo yaqaan MDRO (Multi-drug resistant organisms).

Exposure time: Mudada baab’inta. Waa mudada ay ku qaadato in lagu baabi’iyo noolaha ili-maqabatayga ah ee ku sugan oogada ama gudaha walax, bii’ad, amd qalab. Mudada baabi’intu waa waqtiga ay socoto marka walaxda, bii’ada, ama qalabka la marinayo habka baabi’inta noolaha ili-maqabatayga ah (disinfection) ama habka kale ee baabi’inta dhamaan noolaha ili-maqabatayga ah (Sterilization). Mudadu waxay ku xidhan tahay heerkulka, cadaadiska, awooda jeermis baabi’iyaha, iyo ribnaanta milanka kiimidaad ee lagu baabi’inayo noolaha ili-maqabatayga ah.

Foley catheter: Eeg urinary catheter

Fungi: Fangas. Noole ili-maqabatay ah oo hal unugle ama unugyo badane ah. Fangasku wuxuu noqon karaa caabuq-keene fursad-suge ah oo dadka habdhiska difaacoodu daciifka yahay iyo kuwa uu caadiga yahayba u keeni kara caabuq. Caabuqyada fangasku keeno waxaa ka mid ah ka ku dhaca ciyaartoyda cagahooda (athletes foot), caabuqa yiista (yeast infection), iyo ringworm. Fangaska waxaa laga sameeyaa dawooyin badan oo lagu daweeyo caabuqydada cudurada. Dawada caanka ah ee baynasiliinta (Pennecillin) ayaa ka mid dawooyinka laga sameeyey fangas.  

Gastroenteritis: Caabuq-barar ku dhaca caloosha iyo xiidmeyaasha oo sababa lalabo, matag, iyo shuban.  

Gastrointestinal (GI) infection: Caabuqa dheefmareenka. Caabuq ku dhaca caloosha iyo mindhicirada. Eeg Gastroenteritis.

Hand hygiene: Gacmo nadiifin. Waa qeex guud oo ku saabsan nadiifinta gacmaha. Laba hab ayaa loo nadiifin karaa gacmaha: 1) iyadoo gacmaha lagu maydho milan lid-jeermis ah ama biyo iyo saabuun; 2) in gacmaha lagu masaxo milanka gacmo-nadiifiyaha ah ee ku salaysan maadada alkohoolsha. 

HCW (Healthcare Workers): Shaqaalaha caafimaadka.

HAI (Healthcare-associated infection): Caabuqyada la xidhiidha daryeel caafimaad. Bukaan-jiifku waxay caabuqyadan qaadaan inta ay jiifaan cusbitaal. Bukaan-socodkuna waxay qaadaan caabuqyadan marka daryeel caafimaad ay ka helayaan xarun caafimaad. Sida magacoodu muujinayo, caabuqyadani waxay inta badan bukaanka u gudbaan marka bukaanka la siinayo daryeel caafimaad sida qaliin. Tuumbada macmalka ah ee kaadisaarka, tuumbada xididka dhexe, iyo qalabka macmalka ah ee neefsashada ayaa iyaguna ka mid ah daryeelada caafimaad ee sababi kara in caabuq-keene u gudbo bukaanka oo dabadeedna uu keeno caabuq. Caabuqyadan waxaa kale oo loo yaqaan hospital-acquired infections oo la macno ah caabuqyada laga qaado cusbitaal. 

Healthcare epidemiologist: Waa shaqaale caafimaad oo digrii sare oo master and dhoktoreyt ah ku haysta, islamarkaana xirfad iyo aqoon u leh cilmiga abla-ableynt cudurada (Epidemiology) faraciisa daryeelka cafimaadka. Qofkani wuxuu inta badan hogaamiyaa mashruuca ka hortagga cuduradda faafa.

HICPAC (Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee): Gudi hay’ada CDC ee Maraykanka kala talisaa hakinta cudurada faafa.